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Knowledge Base

Websites on PHP-FPM are unavailable or loading slowly: server reached max_children setting (*), consider raising it

 
apachedomainsfastcgigohosting

Applicable to:

  • Plesk for Linux

Symptoms

  • Websites that have PHP handler set as FPM application served by Apache or FPM application served by nginx at Domains > example.com > PHP Settings experience one of the following issues:

    • load slowly

    • not accessible (permanently or periodically) with a 50x error in a web-browser:

      502 Bad Gateway


      503 Service Temporarily Unavailable


      504 Gateway Time-out

  • The following message appears in the PHP-FPM error logfile
    /var/log/plesk-phpXX-fpm/error.log
    (where XX is a PHP version used by the websites):

    WARNING: [pool example.com] server reached max_children setting (*), consider raising it

    • The message above is usually accompanied with this error:

      unable to read what child say: Bad file descriptor (9)

  • If nginx is enabled on the server, one of the following error messages may appear in domain's error logfile /var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/logs/proxy_error_log:

    [error] 11456#0: *118348 connect() to unix:///var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/php-fpm.sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream, client: 203.0.113.2, server: example.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:///var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/php-fpm.sock:", host: "example.com"


    [error] 20058#0: *4725139 upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header from upstream, client: 203.0.113.2, server: example.com, request: "POST /path/to/some/file HTTP/2.0", upstream:

Cause

The PHP-FPM pm.max_children limit has been reached by the website(s).

Resolution

Increase the pm.max_children limit for the affected domains:

  1. Connect to the Plesk server via SSH

  2. Find affected domains using the command below:

    Note: The number on the left indicates how many times the pm.max_children limit has been reached by the website.

    If a domain is using a dedicated FPM application and has a custom vhosts location, change the path /var/www/vhosts/system/ in the command below:

    # grep -r "server reached max_children setting" /var/log/*php*-fpm/error.log | cut -d' ' -f5 | tr -d ']' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr

    100 example.com
    50 example.net
    25 example.org
    <...>

  3. Log into Plesk

  4. Go to Domains > example.com > PHP Settings > PHP-FPM Settings.

  5. Increase the pm.max_children value for the domain and apply the changes. Increase this value for all domains listed in step 2.

    Note: In this example, we are setting pm.max_children to 20. To fine tune this setting, visit this KB article.

Other options to increase the pm.max_children limit:

Increasing pm.max_children for all domains under a service plan via Plesk

 

  1. Log in to Plesk.

  2. Go to Service Plans > plan_name > PHP Settings tab > PHP-FPM Settings section.

  3. Increase the pm.max_children value and click Update & Sync.



    Note: The changes will not be applied to subscriptions if:

    - A subscription is not synced with this service plan (Marked with a blue lock in the Subscriptions menu).
    - If the permission Hosting performance settings management is granted in service plan settings at Service Plans > plan_name > Permissions tab.

 

Increasing pm.max_children for one domain via a command-line interface

&nbsp…

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